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Stand development
Stand development is a photographic development process whereby film is left to sit in a very dilute developing solution for an extended period of time, with little or no agitation. The technique dates back to at least the 1880s,〔(Stand Development, Cassell's Cyclopaedia of Photography, Bernard E Jones (1911) )〕 and is characterised by fine grain, increased perceived sharpness, and smooth tonality, but is time-intensive and runs the risk of producing certain processing defects.
==Process==
In traditional film development, film is processed in concentrated development fluid for a brief period of time, typically 8–12 minutes. During this period the developing fluid is agitated, often by inverting the development tank several times every few minutes. This has the effect of spreading the developing fluid evenly over the surface of the film and preventing localised overdevelopment. Stand development instead uses a very dilute solution of developer, often one part developer to fifty or one hundred parts water. There is almost no agitation beyond initial mixing, and developing times are greatly increased, often an hour or more. A related technique is ''semi-stand development'', which uses a small amount of agitation.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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